Alice Law and Relativity Theory

Part 3

Principles of Seeing and Perception in Electromagnetic Interaction

Ghost and Spring

Han Erim

29 April 2011

We can see what kinds of effects we will observe in relativity by examining the results of the (c+v)(c-v) mathematics. However, before moving on to those results, I would like to open a parenthesis here and touch on the topic of "seeing and perception in electromagnetic interaction". This topic is truly very important, because if it is neglected and one attempts to study relativity, the knowledge obtained is reduced by half. Although I have been working on Alice Law for a long time, I was able to understand the importance of this subject only years later. With the addition of this chapter, Alice Law has truly made a major leap, and all the missing details in relativity theory have been revealed.

The spectrum of electromagnetic waves is extremely wide. The sensitivity of the human eye perceives a very small interval within this wide spectrum. We call this visible light. Since we will talk about the phenomenon of seeing in this chapter, I will use visible light. But this is not a limitation; the principles I will explain here apply without exception to all electromagnetic waves, regardless of wavelength.

Principles of Seeing and Perception in Electromagnetic Interaction

In order for us to say that an event has occurred, the information about the event must reach us from the location of the event. The messenger that delivers the information about the events around us to us is, first and foremost, light—that is, electromagnetic interaction. In nature, every object continuously emits electromagnetic waves around it; in other words, it radiates. Our eyes, which are sensitive to electromagnetic interaction, perceive these electromagnetic waves formed by radiation, and as a result, we see our surroundings.

The act of seeing is directly related to relativity. In the previous two chapters, we saw that the operating mechanism of electromagnetic interaction depends on the rules of the (c+v)(c-v) mathematics. Therefore, the mechanism of seeing is also determined by the rules of this mathematics. However, there are some additional details that must be considered when the subject of seeing is addressed. These details concern where and how the images of objects will appear. The (c+v)(c-v) mathematics provides us with this information, but it does so in a somewhat implicit manner. Therefore, if one is not careful, this detail can be overlooked.

While studying relativity, the following three principles must definitely be taken into account.

1) The image position of a moving object and the real position of the object are in different locations.

2) There is always a deformation on the image appearance of a moving object.

3) Electromagnetic waves have a packet property.

By a moving object above, I mean an object that is in motion relative to us; I am not referring to our own motion.

The image position of a moving object and the real position of the object are in different locations:
A signal coming from a moving object toward our eyes must cover the distance between its point of departure and our eye, and this requires a certain amount of time. While the signal is traveling toward its destination, the object that sent the signal will continue its motion; therefore, at the moment of seeing, the image appearance of the object and the real position of the object are always at different coordinates. You will find this subject explained in more detail below under the heading Ghost and Spring.

There is always a deformation on the image appearance of a moving object:
Relativity, in summary, consists of deformations that occur in electromagnetic interaction. If the electromagnetic waves that carry the image appearances to us are deformed, then the image they carry is also deformed, and at the moment of seeing, the object appears in a deformed manner. Electromagnetic waves emitted from moving objects inevitably undergo deformation, and therefore the images they carry also undergo deformation. The simplest example of deformation in electromagnetic waves is a change in wavelength. Examples that can be given in this context are the redshift or blueshift of the wavelengths of the light reaching us from stars, and the different rate of operation of a clock on a satellite when measured from the Earth.

Electromagnetic waves have a packet property:
The act of seeing is also a synthesis. There are many objects around us. Some of these objects are far away, some are near. Signals coming from objects at different locations and distances always reach our eye as a packet. Within the same packet, there may be a signal that set out years ago as well as a signal that set out just a few nanoseconds ago. For example, when we look at the stars from under a tree, we see both the stars and the branches of the tree. Within any time slice of the act of seeing, there are signals both from the tree and from the stars. In the following chapters, we will see that the reason for the formation of space and length deformation depends on the packet property of electromagnetic waves.

GHOST AND SPRING

In Alice Law, electromagnetic wave sources are called SPRING, and the image appearances of objects are called GHOST. The apparent position (GHOST) of a moving object and the real position of the object (SPRING) are always located at different coordinates. GHOST and SPRING are very important concepts in relativity, because the visual effects of relativity always occur on the image appearances of objects, that is, on ghosts.

Do not exaggerate ghosts in relativity. It is sufficient to look at the night sky to see them. None of the stars we see are actually at the positions where we see them at that moment. Some of them even ceased to exist millions of years ago. Yet we still see them as if they were there. What we see in the sky are only the image appearances of stars, that is, their ghosts.

Image appearances should not be forced into a rigid mental template. Measuring a signal from a satellite, tracking a signal on radar, observing stars with a telescope, watching a football match, watching television, communicating via radio, or driving a car are ultimately based on the same principle: interpreting incoming electromagnetic waves. Whether we see or measure, in the end we can only interact with the electromagnetic waves that reach us. If we interact with deformed electromagnetic waves, this deformation will naturally lead to certain differences in our perception, interpretation, and measurements.

GHOST AND SPRING

In this section, I will address where image appearances are observed. How deformations occur will be examined in later sections.

Ghost and Spring – Example 1:

First, let us clearly see Ghost and Spring. Let us consider a ball moving relative to the observer and list step by step how the act of seeing takes place in accordance with Alice Law. (Animation Figure 1)

  1. The ball is in motion. We consider the moment when the ball emits light while it is at point (x1,y1,z1). According to the observer, the starting point of the signal is the coordinate (x1,y1,z1).
  2. The signal traveling toward the observer will use the observer’s field.
  3. During the time it takes for the signal to reach the observer, the ball continues its motion.
  4. The signal reaches the observer. The travel time of the signal is as follows:
    time = distance between the point where the signal started (x1,y1,z1) and the observer / speed of light constant (c)
    Distance traveled by the ball during the same time: distance = ball’s velocity × time
  5. When the signal reaches the observer, the observer sees the image of the ball at coordinate (x1,y1,z1).
  6. At the moment the observer sees the image of the ball, the ball itself is at coordinate (x2,y2,z2).
  7. At the moment of seeing, while the image of the ball (GHOST) is at coordinate (x1,y1,z1), the ball itself (SPRING) is at coordinate (x2,y2,z2).

As a result, if motion is involved, Ghost and Spring are always at different coordinates. What we see is always a ghost, and the spring of an object (even if the object is at rest) is never seen.

Flash 1

Choice of Reference Frame


As we go about our lives, we observe the events around us from our own reference frame. We describe and interpret events relative to ourselves. This is a "ME"-centered reference frame. We can say that the example above belongs to this class as well, because the observer’s reference frame and our reference frame were at rest relative to each other. However, in physics, it is sometimes necessary to understand how an event looks when viewed from a different reference frame. In that case, we must change our reference frame and think accordingly. Looking at events from a different reference frame is not something we are accustomed to, and therefore it is a bit difficult. But this is something that must be done, and especially in relativity, such examinations are very important.


Ghost and Spring – Example 2:

Now, let us reverse our example above. Let us consider the situation in which the observer is moving and the ball is at rest, and understand where the observer sees the ball. Again, we write the act of seeing in items. (Animation Figure 2)

  1. The observer is in motion. According to the observer, we consider the moment when the ball emits light while it is at point (x1,y1,z1). According to the observer, the starting point of the signal will be the coordinate (x1,y1,z1).
  2. The signal traveling toward the observer will use the observer’s field.
  3. Since the observer is moving, they carry their own field in the direction of motion. Therefore, the signal traveling within the observer’s field will be carried in the direction of motion by the observer’s field.
  4. The signal reaches the observer. The travel time is as follows:
    time = distance between the point where the signal started (x1,y1,z1) and the observer / speed of light constant (c)
    Distance traveled by the observer during the same time: distance = the ball’s velocity relative to the observer × time
  5. When the signal reaches the observer, the observer sees the image of the ball at coordinate (x1,y1,z1).
  6. At the moment the observer sees the image of the ball, the ball is at coordinate (x2,y2,z2) relative to the observer.
  7. As a result, while the image of the ball (GHOST) is at coordinate (x1,y1,z1), the ball itself (SPRING) is at coordinate (x2,y2,z2).

Let us note that the point (x1,y1,z1) is defined in the observer’s reference frame (in the observer’s field). The observer’s motion does not change the position of this point defined relative to them. This point, where the signal enters the observer’s field, is also the point where the observer will see the image of the ball.


With this example, I wanted to show how important it is to use the CONCEPT OF FIELD in relativity and how much it simplifies matters. Without using the concept of fields, it is truly difficult to state where the observer will see the image of the ball.

Flash 2

Summary of the Chapter


Let us consider two objects, A and B, moving relative to each other. Let us assume that we are on one of these two objects—let it be object A. Can we state the velocity of object A that we are on? No, of course we cannot; without using another reference frame, we cannot know whether we are in motion. In the example given here, since there is only B, we can state our velocity relative to B. On the other hand, we can also accept ourselves as at rest; that is, we can say A is at rest and B is in motion. We can construct the same logic similarly for B as well: we can say B is at rest and A is in motion.


In our first example above, the observer was at rest and the ball was moving. In the other example, the observer is moving and the ball is at rest. In both cases, the observer sees the ghost of the ball at the same point (x1,y1,z1). Both events are exactly identical. It does not matter whether the observer or the ball or both are moving. What matters is only that the two reference frames are in motion relative to each other. (Animation Figure 3)

The example on the right clearly shows how the (c+v)(c-v) mechanism works. Although it is not obvious at first glance, the same (c+v)(c-v) mathematics also exists in the example on the left. The apparent difference arises from the reference frame from which we observe the event. The behavior of light in both cases is determined by the same (c+v)(c-v) mathematics.

Flash 3

Two important physical postulates on which Alice Law is based

Because of their great importance, I would like to mention here the two physical postulates of Albert Einstein.

The theoretical foundation of Alice Law is based on the same two physical postulates that Albert Einstein used as the basis when constructing his Special Relativity theory. These postulates, written by him, are as follows:

THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY:

For all reference frames, the same electrodynamic and optical laws are valid in such a way as to include all the equations of mechanical physics.

THE UNIVERSAL SPEED OF LIGHT:

Light propagates at speed c in empty space, independent of the speed of the source from which it is emitted.

You may think that the universal speed of light postulate contradicts Alice Law. However, this is not the case at all. As can be seen, Albert Einstein used the phrase empty space when defining the speed of light. Alice Law shows that every object has its own special space. These special spaces are, as we saw before, FIELDS. For Alice Law, the meaning of this postulate is as follows: “Light propagates at speed c within a field, independent of the speed of the source from which it is emitted.” Therefore, for Alice Law, this postulate is not wrong or inconsistent with itself.

In addition, there are extremely important assumptions within the Universal Speed of Light postulate, and these assumptions are vital for Alice Law. First, the postulate assumes that the speed of light (c) is a universal constant. It is an obvious fact that the (c+v)(c-v) mathematics depends directly on the speed of light constant. Without defining the speed of light constant c, it is not possible to speak of a mathematics such as (c+v)(c-v). Second, it emphasizes that the speed of light must be independent of the speed of its source—which, according to Alice Law, is indeed how it must be (we already see this in this chapter). Therefore, Albert Einstein’s Universal Speed of Light postulate contains the important assumptions required by Alice Law. The Principle of Relativity, on the other hand, is a strong assumption for Alice Law that connects it to Classical Mechanics. Alice Law unconditionally accepts that it will be compatible with the Principle of Relativity at every stage.

Without these two postulates, Alice Law may perhaps be constructed mathematically, but it is not possible to build its theory. I would like to draw your attention to this: the theoretical explanation of the REFERENCE FIGURE that I used in the first chapter of this series was, as in the past, still possible only with these two postulates. The fact that these postulates allow Alice Law to be built makes Alice Law a theory with very strong foundations from the very beginning. In my publication titled First Paper (Oct/23/2000), which constitutes the starting point of Alice Law, and in all Alice Law programs, you can see how carefully these postulates are upheld.

Current publications on Aliceinphysics.com related to this chapter:

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