MANIFESTO of ALICE LAW

Han Erim
1 August 2010

Hello,

Since the day I launched my website aliceinphysics.com in November 2001, I have been explaining the Theory of Relativity from a different perspective under the name of the Alice Law. Throughout this long period, the Alice Law has gradually evolved. At this stage, I wanted to publish a manifesto to encourage both academics and readers of the Alice Law.

Although the Alice Law resembles Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, it explains relativity in a simpler and more accurate way. To show this to you, I have structured this manifesto together with a physical proof on the concept of TIME. In this way, you will clearly see the difference between Einstein’s physics and the Alice Law.

In the first part of the manifesto, I will prove that clocks moving relative to each other run simultaneously, and then I will show why, according to our own reference frame, we measure a moving clock as running fast or slow — and why we are obliged to measure it that way. If you are an academic, you should already have noticed how different this description is from Einstein’s physics. In the final part of my writing, you will find the answer to why the Alice Law is different and its mathematical foundation.

The figures have been prepared as animations. If you see control buttons on them, please use them.

Figure 1. Let us select three clocks. I intentionally used old-style classic tabletop clocks here. Except for their colors, we accept that these clocks are identical to each other. If we place the three clocks side by side on a table, they will run simultaneously.

Figure 2. We place two of the clocks on two wagons. When the "Play" button is pressed, as seen in the animation, Alice pulls the wagons toward herself from equal distances and with equal speeds. To analyze the situation, we must base our reasoning on a reference frame. Here, the reference frame is Alice. In other words, we assume we are observing the event through Alice’s eyes.

Let us assume Alice is exactly on the symmetry axis. From Alice’s reference frame, whether the clocks on the wagons are stationary or being pulled, they will continue to run simultaneously relative to each other.

At the moment the wagons begin to be pulled, one might think that the force acting on them would break the synchronization of the clocks. Such a situation may indeed occur depending on how the mechanism of each clock responds to force. However, here we are answering only the question of whether the clocks continue to run simultaneously solely due to the speed of the wagons. Therefore, we may ignore friction and all other external forces. Since both wagons are approaching Alice at the same speed, there is no reason for the two clocks to run differently according to Alice. Since the question “Which clock lags behind according to Alice?” has no answer, both clocks must run equally.

Figure 3. Now let us take our example one step further and repeat the same event on a moving train. Instead of a train, we could imagine the interior of a ship, for example.

While the train is moving at a constant speed, Alice is pulling the wagons toward herself from equal distances with equal speeds. In this case also, the two clocks will continue to run simultaneously according to Alice. I intentionally emphasize "according to Alice" to clearly indicate which reference frame we are using. Because the train moves at a constant speed, nothing changes from Alice’s perspective. According to Alice, both clocks will run simultaneously.

Figure 4. Now consider the following scenario: while the train moves forward with speed “V”, Alice pulls the wagons toward herself with the same speed “V”. In this case, the blue clock on the right and the green clock placed on the ground will be stationary relative to each other. Using this, we may conclude that the blue and green clocks must run simultaneously. We already know that the red and blue clocks run simultaneously according to Alice. Therefore, all three clocks must run simultaneously according to Alice.

A = B, and B = C, therefore A = C. In other words, A = B = C.

Now let us be careful. According to Einstein’s physics, the equality above cannot hold for an observer on the ground. Because in Special Relativity, a moving clock must slow down. Based on his theory, the clock on the left— the red clock—must be moving relative to the ground observer. Therefore, the red clock must run slower than the green clock (next to the ground observer) or the blue clock (which is stationary relative to the observer).

If we express this situation from the point of view of Einstein’s physics and the ground observer, we must write the following:

A ≠ B, B = C, and A ≠ C.

Figure 5. Here we begin the introduction to the Alice Law. If we can prove that, according to the observer on the ground, all three clocks operate simultaneously, we will have achieved the necessary breakthrough for the Alice Law. Now I present this proof.

Let us attach a rod to the minute hands of the clocks in the wagons. Let the central point of the rod be mounted on the axis of symmetry. Let us assume that all connection points of the rod are made with rails, and that these connections do not hinder the motion of the clocks or the wagons. Let us also mount a pen on the left side of the rod. When the minute hands of the clocks rotate, the rod will move depending on the rotation of the hands, and the pen will draw a line showing the position of the point where it is located.

Now, by pressing the Play button, let us see what kind of line the pen draws. If we pay attention, we observe that the pen draws a perfect sine curve. According to Alice, since both clocks run simultaneously, this is of course a natural result. Although the general shape of the curve may change depending on the pulling speed of the wagons and the speed of the train, it will always maintain the property of being a perfect sine curve.

As a result, no matter what speed the train has, and no matter how fast Alice pulls the wagons, the drawn line will always take the form of a perfect sine curve.

(We continue the proof with the next figure.)

Figure 6. Now let us analyze the same event by thinking within the framework of Einstein’s physics; according to Einstein, the red clock on the left must run slower than the blue clock on the right for an observer on the ground. Let us assume such a situation actually happens. In that case, the minute hands of the two clocks will rotate at different speeds.

If the minute hands rotate at different speeds, the angle of the bar connecting them must necessarily change. A change in the angle of the bar would change the shape of the line drawn by the pen. Clearly, if the clocks do not run simultaneously, the line drawn by the pen can never be a perfect sine wave.

However, such a situation *cannot* occur, because the pen cannot draw two different lines at the same time — one for Alice on the train and another for the observer on the ground. The pen will always draw a single line, and this line will always be a perfect sine wave. This means that the angle of the bar never changes. If the angle of the bar does not change, it proves that the red and blue clocks run simultaneously even for the observer on the ground.

The fact that the line drawn by the pen is always a perfect sine wave and that the bar angle does not change is completely independent of the speed of the train or wagons, or of the reference frames involved.

Thus, the necessary proof is completed. From this result, we conclude that moving clocks run simultaneously for all observers. The correct theory is the Alice Law.

WHAT IS TIME DILATION AND HOW DOES IT OCCUR?

Above, we saw that the moving clocks operate simultaneously with respect to each other. However, despite this, when we measure the tick intervals of a moving clock, we inevitably observe and measure that it operates differently. This is an unavoidable necessity. Now I will explain to you how and why this interesting phenomenon occurs. By a moving clock, I specifically mean a clock that is in motion relative to a reference frame. If we ourselves are moving, the clock beside us is stationary relative to us.

In order to measure the tick intervals of a moving clock, the image of the clock or the signals belonging to it must first reach us. This information is carried to us by electromagnetic waves, that is, by light. Certain deformations inevitably occur on electromagnetic waves coming to one reference system from another system in motion. In physics, we call this the Doppler Effect, and we briefly describe it as a change in the frequency and wavelength of light. When objects moving relative to each other are considered, the Doppler Effect is observed under all conditions. If an object is approaching us, the wavelength of the light coming from it shortens and its frequency increases (blueshift); if it is moving away, its frequency decreases and its wavelength lengthens (redshift). Now, using this information, let us see on a graph how time dilation occurs.

Figure 7. The clock on the left acts as a transmitter and emits its tick intervals regularly by broadcasting at a constant frequency. By tick interval, I mean the time that passes between the emission of two successive peak points of the signal. The clocks on the right are receivers; they measure the time interval between two successive peaks in the signal that reaches them and compare this with the tick intervals of their own clocks. In summary, they compare their own clock frequency with the frequency of the transmitter. If the receiver and the transmitter are in motion relative to each other, the receiver measures that the frequency of the signal coming from the transmitter is different depending on the relative speed and direction. In other words, it measures that the tick interval of the transmitter clock is different from the tick interval of its own clock. This is an unavoidable necessity. This situation occurs even if the clocks of the receiver and the transmitter are identical and operate simultaneously.

A moving clock does not actually run differently. However, it is measured as running differently — it must be measured as running differently.

As can be seen, there are significant logical differences between Alice Law and Einstein physics, and naturally the mathematics on which both physics are based are also different. You will find the fundamental logic and mathematics of the Alice Law in the lower part of this article.

You can see in detail how the Doppler Effect occurs in my publication titled Doppler Effect and Special Relativity.

Before entering the mathematics of the Alice Law, I would like to touch upon the subject of length contraction here. Length contraction, just like time dilation, arises as a result of deformations on electromagnetic waves and is fundamentally a matter of perception. It is also incorrect to speak only of length contraction, because depending on the direction of motion, length expansion also exists. For this reason, it is more accurate to call this effect length deformation or space deformation.

There is always a distance between us and the objects we see, and for us to see an object, the image belonging to that object must reach us. When we consider a moving object, during the time it takes for the image coming from the object to reach us, the object itself will continue moving in its direction of motion. When the image reaches us, we see the object at the position from which the image started. If motion is involved, the position where we see the object and its real position will always differ more or less. We observe this situation most clearly when we look at the sky. The figure below illustrates this situation. (Figure 8)

I) When the planet is at point A, its image from that position begins its journey.

II) While the image travels toward the observer, the planet continues on its path. 

III) When the image reaches the observer, the observer sees the planet at point A. At that moment, the planet is actually at point B.

Figure 9 - 1. Let us assume that the above event occurs only along the X axis. While the observer sees the object at point A, the object is actually at point B.  

Figure 9 - 2. The images that reach us from our surroundings always arrive in the form of an image packet. An image packet consists of image particles that set out at different times from different spatial coordinates. Naturally, the images belonging to distant objects in the packet set out earlier. When the packet reaches us, we interpret it and perceive our surroundings. 

Let us look at the example of a ruler standing still between points A and B. The image carrying the information of the ruler’s position B will first set out toward the observer. When this image reaches position A, it will combine there with the image carrying the information of position A of the ruler and form an image packet. Eventually, the image packet reaches the observer, and the observer sees the ruler between points A and B using the information contained in the arriving image packet.

Figure 9 - 3.  For length deformation to occur, motion must be involved. Here we can see how it happens. The image carrying the position information of point B of the ruler sets out. While the image moves toward the observer, the ruler continues moving to the right. By the time the image of the B position reaches the other end of the ruler, that end of the ruler will no longer be at point A but at point A'. Therefore, the position information of that end of the ruler will start not from point A, but from point A'. When the image packet reaches the observer, the ruler will appear within the interval A'B instead of AB. As a result of this deformation that occurs on the image packet, the observer will see that the length of the ruler has shortened by the amount AA'.

As seen, in the Alice Law the subject of space deformation is also completely different from Einstein’s physics. According to Einstein’s theory, length contraction produces a real effect on moving objects. However, in the Alice Law, it is a matter of perception. Indeed, if we look at the train example above, we see that the equality A = B = C holds for the rulers located under the clocks. 

THE LOGIC ON WHICH THE ALICE LAW IS BASED AND THE MATHEMATICS OF THE ALICE LAW

When Albert Einstein constructed his Special Relativity theory, he adopted a hypothesis as his foundation. This hypothesis is as follows: No matter which reference frame light travels toward, the speed of light must always be c (the constant speed of light) relative to all reference frames. Naturally, Albert Einstein based his theory on the mathematics that supported the hypothesis he had chosen

However, the correct hypothesis is as follows: Light always travels at speed c (the constant speed of light) relative to the reference frame it is going to reach. According to this hypothesis, different values must be measured for the speed of light traveling toward a moving object. The mathematical solution to this hypothesis is the (c+v)(c-v) mathematics.

Now I will prove the existence of the Alice Law by describing a situation that Einstein’s physics can never answer... This mathematics is also the true mathematics of Special Relativity.

Proof of the existence of the Alice Law and its mathematics:

We place a lamp at the midpoint of a box... If, according to the observer on the ground, the speed of the box parts is V, then the speed of the light traveling toward the walls must necessarily be (c+v) or (c-v) according to this observer.

Einstein’s physics can never consistently explain the event outlined here... This situation inevitably indicates, even according to Einstein’s physics, that we must again turn to the Alice Law.

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

The main reason why Albert Einstein’s Special Relativity theory was accepted is that time dilation was experimentally observed. However, as we have seen here, time dilation is fundamentally a perception, and its cause is different.

In the Alice Law, the proofs regarding both the concept of time and the behavior of light have eliminated Einstein’s fundamental hypothesis. The true representative of Special Relativity is the Alice Law, and the correct mathematics of Special Relativity is the (c+v)(c−v) mathematics.

I would like to emphasize that the lifetime of high-energy particles cannot be explained by Special Relativity, because force plays an active role in the mechanism that determines their lifetime. However, there is no force within the Special Relativity theory.

The Alice Law is, by itself, a source of knowledge, a guide, and a teacher. When you understand how the (c+v)(c−v) mathematics is formed, you also understand how events occur within Special Relativity.

I have been working for many years on the results of the (c+v)(c−v) mathematics. The more I worked, the more knowledge I gained. I have explained in great detail on my website what this mathematics means, how it emerges, and its rules. The publications on aliceinphysics.com are the most accurate sources you can refer to on this subject.

Here I have shown you that Albert Einstein’s Special Relativity theory is incorrect. Please know that he also has many correct ideas. All of his correct ideas continue to live within the Alice Law.

What I have written in this manifesto is sufficient for you to understand how important the Alice Law is.

Thank you for reading the manifesto of the Alice Law.

Respectfully,

Han Erim