34. RADIANT FLUX SHIFT

The definition of radiation is the emission or transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Radiant Flux is the radiant energy of electromagnetic radiation in a unit of time. Radiant Flux is not only about visible light; it includes all electromagnetic spectrum. I’m limiting the topic with light sources that do photon radiation individually and randomly such as the sun or a lamp in order not to go too deep on the topic. Photon radiation occurs as the emission of electromagnetic waves in energy packs that are independent of each other.

Our topic is about the effect of (c+v) (c-v) mathematics on Radiant Flux in electromagnetic waves. I don’t think Alpha and Beta radiations that are particle radiations carrying mass are included in the scope of this topic. It is a remote possibility for these particles to behave in line with (c+v) (c-v) mathematics because they have masses.

Radiant Flux is a measure of the number of photons are emitted in a unit of time when it is examined in terms of the source that emits the signal. When it is examined in terms of the arrival target of the signal, on the other hand, it is a measure of the number of photons are received. The energy that photons carry is also in this formation as a secondary factor that determines Radiant Flux. Consequently, Radiant Flux Shift is an effect that the change in the number of photons and the change in the energy of photons create together in the electromagnetic interaction between objects that are in motion relative to each other and it is a topic that is directly related to (c+v) (c-v) mathematics.

The change in Radiant Flux of the source can occur only as a result of changes in the physical conditions at the source. Events like solar flares or change in the voltage of a lamp can change Radiant Flux of the source in its nature. We will discuss Radiant Flux here in terms of arrival target.

We saw in the part “Energy of a Photon” that the amount of light energy that a reference system that is in motion relative to a light source increases or decreases depending on the direction of the movement. This change in the light energy does not only occur because of changing of wavelength (and therefore its energy); there is also an increase or decrease in the number of photos received, as well.

In order to cover how Radiant Flux Shift occurs, we can make use of our Byte Shift example. Assuming that each alphabetical letter is represented by a photon in the message “HELLO WORLD” immediately gives us the necessary information.

We saw that the length of the message that comes to the planes and the mountain station is different for each of the three reference systems. Since the INCOMING signal speed doesn’t change for the target reference system, all three reference systems receive different amounts of photons in the same duration. As a result of this, Radiant Flux for all three reference systems is different. Assume that the signal tower emits “n₀” number of photons every second for each of the three arrival targets. Accordingly, when the mountain station receives n₀ photons, the plane that is moving away from the tower receives photons every second and the plane that is approaching the tower receives photons every second.

Let’s benefit from the frequency in order to find the change in the energy. The change in the “n” value that shows the number of photons that are emitted or received every second and the frequency change are so similar.

Let’s benefit from the frequency in order to find the change in the energy. The change in the “n” value that shows the number of photons that are emitted or received every second and the frequency change are so similar.

Given that “n₀” photons set out towards the target every second and “n₁” of them will reach the target every second, if we multiply the sides of the equation with each other, we find the total effect that n₁ photons that are at f₁ frequency creates at the arrival target, i.e. the first equation of Radiant Flux. This equation shows the general principle in terms of (c+v) (c-v) mathematics; both frequency change (and therefore the wavelength change of the photon) and the change in the number of photons are included together in the equation.

We obtain the energy change in Radiant Flux by multiplying the equation by Planck’s constant.

Of course, in order to use this equation, we need to know the number of the photon. But it has no importance for us in terms of our topic. The main purpose here was to see how (c+v) (c-v) mathematics was involved in this event. It is possible to eliminate the number of photons, anyway. We can simplify Radiant Flux Shift equation above as can be seen below. Since , if we put the values in their places in the previous equation, we get the general equation:

The equation that indicates the amount of Radiant Flux Shift shows the amount of change in the radiant flux, which a reference system that is in motion relative to the source, will be exposed to.

We can summarize the formation of Radiant Flux Shift as follows:
Radiant Flux Shift occurs at the source just like wavelength change and its effect shows up in the target. The fact that a reference system is in motion relative to a light source increases or decreases the density of the light that comes from the source to the reference system itself. In other words, it changes the density of the photons that come to it. This density change in the number of photons occurs during the emission of the light. For the photons that set out to show their effects, they need to cover the distance between the source and the arrival target. Therefore, Radiant Flux Shift is not an effect that occurs at that exact moment on the target depending on the change in the speed.

It will be easier to talk about this by giving an example. Assume that we set out at half a light-year speed towards another solar system that is at distance of four light-years. For the spaceship, the change in the radiant flux of the light that comes from the star will start exactly four years after we set out, when the half of the distance is covered. Whenever the spaceship starts to see the wavelength change of the lights coming from the star, Radiant Flux of the lights that reach the spaceship from the star will then change.

4.1. LIGHT INTENSITY, DISTANCE AND (C+V) (C-V) MATHEMATICS

It is a well-known topic that light intensity changes depending on distance. As you move a circle from the light source, amount of light that passes through it in a unit of time decreases. The figure below shows this.

The general rule is as follows: Intensity of a light that a point source emits around it decreases inversely proportional to the square of the distance. We can think that in practice when we double the distance, the light intensity will decrease fourfold. There is the following equation in line with this rule.

Light Intensity1 = Distance12 Light Intensity2 Distance22

Since Light Intensity is a result primarily based on the number of photons that make up the light, we can write the equation above by presenting the real reason as below:

Number of Received Photons1 = Distance22 Number of Received Photons2 Distance22

However, both equations above are valid for targets that are not in motion relative to light source. When there is movement, (c+v) (c-v) mathematics steps in the situation.

We can see how (c+v) (c-v) mathematics interferes in the figure below. Think of an object that stands still at d₀ distance to the light source. The fact that the object is drawn as a round shape is not important. Assume that n of the photons that are emitted at a time such as t₀ choose this object as their arrival targets. As a result, n number of photons cover d₀ distance in t_Δ =d₀/c time and reach their target objects. Now, let’s think of the situation the object moves away. When the object is at d₀ distance, n number of photons again choose the object as their arrival target and set out towards it. However, this time, the speed of the photons is (c+v) and these photons will arrive at the object at d₁ distance instead of d₀ distance and the number of photons will not change. In case the object comes to the light source, photons will reach the target, which travels at (c-v) speed, at d₂ distance and the number of photons will, again, not change.

The fact that the number of photons does not change doesn’t mean that the object will get the same light intensity in all these cases because energies of the photons will change although their numbers stay the same.
The change in the energy will be directly proportional to wavelength change.
Therefore, we can define the equation: E_X . λ_X = E₀ . λ₀. Then, an object that receives E₀ amount of energy will receive E₂= E₀.c/(c+v) energy if it is in motion and if it is moving away, and it will receive E₁= E₀.c/(c-v) if it is approaching. In the figure, pay attention to the fact that d₁ and d₂ distances are determined by t_Δ time. The number of photons not changing is directly related to t_Δ time. The number of photons will change when the t_Δ time is exceeded.

34.2. SHADING FACTOR

In the figure above, the yellow object that is in motion moves in the direction of the arrow. On its way, there is an area that the blue object shades. The yellow object passes through this shaded area and moves on its way.

This seemingly simple event is not simple at all when it is thought with (c+v) (c-v) mathematics in mind and includes a lot of details and information.

 Let’s think with the help of a Doppler Triangle. We are dealing with a light signal that is sent from a light source when the yellow object is at point B.
The travel time of the signal will be t_Δ=d₁/c.
The yellow object covers d₂= u. t_Δ distance at u speed during t_Δ time and gets into the shaded area.
Relative to the reference system of the source, there is the blue object on the path of the signal that comes on d₃ line towards the yellow object.
Let’s remember that, relative to the reference system of the yellow object, the light signal comes to the yellow object on the red d₁ line. As a result of the movement of the yellow object, the red d1 line will go into the shading area.
While the yellow object is approaching point C, if the light signal passes the blue object, it will reach the yellow object. However, if it cannot pass the blue object, the light signal will be kept by the blue object. The blue object will prevent the light signal to reach the yellow object.
As a conclusion here, with the yellow object going into the shaded area, the blue object will have to get more light than necessary.

Since I am not sure what kind of a process this extra light that the blue object gets will be exposed to, I will not make a comment here. It can lead to Radiant Flux change for the blue object, it can lead to an increase in its thermal energy, or it may lead to another effect.

The fact is that there are many things that we need to learn about Alice Law. The topic Shading Factor is quite a new topic for me that I noticed while writing the Radiant Flux Shift. Even more, I hesitated a lot whether to write about this topic or not. I can see that the topic Shading Factor includes a lot of details that need to be paid attention. But I didn’t want to go into details here.

Shading Factor also gives a special opportunity to empirically verify Alice Law. At least it is very likely that there will be such an opportunity.

Spaceship

Let’s go back to the topic of the spaceship. When the spaceship covers half the distance, it continues its travel under the new Radiant Flux which it is exposed to. The star that it aims to reach now glows a lot brighter. However, the motors of the spaceship break down unexpectedly. On its path, there is a rescue and maintenance station, which is not in motion relative to the star, one light-year away from the star that it is traveling to. The spaceship decreases its speed and approaches the station to get fixed. Does the decrease in the speed of the spaceship lead to a change in the radiant flux for the spaceship? Yes, it does, but this change will start from at least a light-year away. It will take one light-year for the change to reach them. Throughout all this time, the spaceship will keep receiving this intensified energy that comes from the star. Even if the chief pilot stops the spaceship or change its direction or try to move away from the star, this effect will continue because those lights get into the field of the spaceship and come to the spaceship that is at the center of the field like guided rockets locked on their targets.

The spaceship lands on the airdrome of the maintenance station. The sun shields of the maintenance station now protect the spaceship from the energetic lights coming from the star. But what about the situation the passengers are in? The passengers started their journeys sleeping in the safe areas of the spaceship. When it is understood that the fix will take a long time, the passengers are woken up and transferred to the accommodation places of the maintenance station. The cafeteria of the maintenance station is designed so beautifully. All the glamour of the universe can be seen from the glass dome over it. One of the passengers get a coffee and turns his eyes towards the star that they going to. How will the passenger see the star? Does the radiant flux shift still continue for this passenger?

It is quite an interesting scenario. There is nothing more natural than Alice Law having paradoxes peculiar to itself. Now we have come across one of these; to be honest, it came to my mind while I was writing the book. I don’t know the last part of the story and of course, I am curious. If you ask me to guess, I would make my bet on that the change in the radiant flux will continue for that passenger for the next year.